Understanding Sleep Apnoea: Causes and Treatment Options
Sleep apnoea is a serious sleep disorder where your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep. The most common type is Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), which occurs when the muscles in the throat relax excessively during sleep, leading to a temporary blockage of the upper airway.
Common Causes of Sleep Apnoea:
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Obesity: Excess weight, especially around the neck, can increase the risk of airway obstruction.
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Age: The risk increases with age, particularly in individuals over 40.
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Gender: Men are more likely to develop OSA than women.
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Neck Circumference: A larger neck size may indicate a narrower airway.
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Family History: A family history of sleep apnoea can increase the risk.
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Lifestyle Factors: Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can relax throat muscles, worsening OSA.
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Nasal Congestion: Chronic nasal issues can contribute to breathing difficulties during sleep.
Treatment Options:
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Lifestyle Changes:
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Weight Loss: Losing excess weight can reduce the severity of OSA and, in some cases, eliminate the need for further treatment.
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Sleep Position: Sleeping on your side may prevent airway collapse. Techniques include sewing a tennis ball into the back of your pyjamas or using specialized pillows.
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Avoid Alcohol and Sedatives: These substances relax throat muscles and can exacerbate OSA.
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Quit Smoking: Smoking can increase inflammation and fluid retention in the upper airway, worsening OSA.
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Medical Treatments:
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Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP): A CPAP machine delivers a continuous stream of air through a mask to keep the airway open during sleep.
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Mandibular Advancement Devices (MADs): These dental devices reposition the lower jaw and tongue to keep the airway open.
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Surgical Options: In severe cases, surgery may be considered to remove excess tissue or correct structural abnormalities in the airway.
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Additional Therapies:
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Air Humidification: Using a humidifier can keep the airway moist, reducing irritation and improving comfort during sleep.
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Nasal Treatments: Addressing nasal congestion through saline sprays or nasal decongestants can improve airflow.
Assessing Daytime Sleepiness:
If you're experiencing excessive daytime sleepiness, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale is a tool that can help assess your level of sleepiness. Discuss your results with your GP for further evaluation.
Further information if required for a referral ( if requested to be completed) OSA - Partner Questionnaire
When to Seek Medical Advice:
If you suspect you have sleep apnoea, consult your GP. They can assess your symptoms and may refer you for a sleep study to confirm the diagnosis.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent complications such as high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke.
For more information and support, visit the Sleep Apnoea Trust.